ICT in the service of Multiculturalism

There are many problems involved with applying the contact hypothesis through face-to-face contact.
1. Logistics of group meetings
2. The need to meet with another group from a nearby or easily accessible geographical location
3. Growing transportation costs

Conditions for successful contact between two or more groups:
1. Equal-group status within the situation
2. Common goals

There is a change in how an individual relates to another individual from a different cultural group

Contact Hypothesis
-Lays down the conditions for successful contact between two or more groups
-Knowledge of differences between groups is not in itself enough to stop prejudice.

THE OICH
The Online Inter-group Contact Hypothesis model is based on an extension of the contact hypothesis. Its aim is to adapt the original contact hypothesis
 In order for the model to work, the project must meet a number of conditions:
1. Be fully supported by each participating institution
2. Involve collaboration among groups rather than among individuals
3. Deal with general subjects and not with conflicts

ICT, Education, Transformation, and Economic Development

Ict are made about the availability and access of all teachers and students trough traditional Internet devices , software and digital resources for research

Five sorts of research are reviewed in this article

• Macroeconomic
• Microeconomic
• Labor market
• Studies showing patterns of the everyday ICT use in American life
• Studies showing American schools are not using Ict

   

Microeconomic Trends changes in business organization and practices

Ict has contributed to economic change not just through the growth of the information product services sectors.

As a result of networked collaboration, companies are defining and solving problems.

The internet was cited as an information  source.

 

• It has fostered fundamental changes in how business is done across a range of economic sectors.

• Microeconomic studies confirm the impact of ICT on business practice.
• Productivity increases come by using ICT. 

How ICT enabling the collaboration and cordination of workers?

• Between companies and their customers for example: Walt-Mart uses ICT to track goods, frade information with suppliers. 

Labor Market Trends: need a different skill set

 

Services with everything

A fundamental transformation of services

is underway, driven by developments in information and communications technology (ICT) tools, the uses to which they are being put, and the networks on which they run.

The algorithmic revolution transforms activities. 

The transformation of services with ICT tools is dramatic,pervasive, and far-reaching. Activities are transformed, firms are turning to services in pursuit of value, and traditional boundaries are breaking down between products and services, manufacturing and services, and traditional industrial sectors.

   

As ICT tools enabled advances in materials science, leading to a proliferation of new materials engineered for specific tasks, firms such as Airbus, Audi, and Ford turned outside their organizations for sophisticated knowledge and tools to work with the new material .The constant evolution and growing power of ICT tools constantly increases the range of services that can be ―transformed‖ into automated or hybrid services

 

Services are a form of production ever more supported by information

They include:

• Conectivity 
• People 
• Goverment

Translation and technology

The integration of technology into the translation has changed the way translator follows during the translation process.
These new ways that are different from models of the
traditional translation have also facilitated what translators
do since they have accelarated the translation process and increased productivity as well as developing teamwork skill.

 

 With the integration of the technology into the tranlation teaching and translation studies, translators have started knowing and understanding how they can separate translatable parts of a text from untranslatable ones in software programs in order to avoid erroneous translations which can delay the release of the product. Information mining or having knowledge of the entire subject matterin the digital age is not as important as acquiring or understanding the skills/tasks metioned above because the former can now be provided by translation memories (TM systems)or other CAT tools for translators or translation students.

UNESCO ICTS Competency Framework for Teachers

The framework of the project
In view of the importance of ICT for education, UNESCO, in close collaboration with its partners

UNESCO's education policies

The framework project: linking education in ICT and the economy
The ICT-CFT project covers the objectives of these education programs and UNESCOS and the United Nations Educational
ICT-CFT supports these programs


Three factors of economic growth
Intensification of capital
The ability of the workforce to use
Higher quality workmanship

Technological innovation

Framework approaches
Technological literacy
Deepening knowledge
Knowledge creation

The six aspects of a teacher's work 
Understanding ICTS in education
Curriculum and assessment
Pedagogy
TIC
Organization and administration
Professional Learning Teacher

Education reform.

Modules.
Technological literacy
In the early stages of development

An Effective Use of ICT for education and learning by drawing

The use of ICT cause an effect in teaching and learning and this process could be separated into:

• Education
• Reading
• Writing
• Numeracy

ICTs for education refers to the development of information and communications technology specifically for teaching/learning purposes, while the ICTs in education involves the adoption of general components of information and communication technologies in the teaching learning process, it can affect the delivery of education and enable wider access to the same. In addition, it will increase flexibility so that learners can access the education regardless of time and geographical barriers. It can influence the way students are taught and how they learn.

Processes, performance drivers and ICT tools in human resources management.

Human resource management.

-Armstrong's handbook of human resource.

"Human resource management is the management of human resources. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives."

Performance drivers 

Anything that could materially affect either a company's earnings or the price of its stock. Every company will have its own unique drivers, although some of the most common drivers include:

-The release of a new product or service
-New financing
-Commodity or resource prices
-Activities of competitors
-Prospects of a particular division of a company
-Legislation
-Litigation

6 keys qualities of an HR manager

Manager:
1. Organization
2. Ethics
3. Problems solving
4. Leadership
5. Communication
6. Expertise

The new ICTs and translation competence

The translation now

Competence: Translation competence is the ability to carry out the transfer process from the comprehension of the second language adquisition.

Model of translation competence that is required to be able to translate

It is an expert knowledge and its not processed by all bilinguals.

It is basically procedural (and not declarative) knowledge.

The bilingual sub competence: consist of the underlying systems of knowledge and skills that are needed for linguistics, communication to take place in two languages.

There is a wide range of ICT available to tranlators today. Among the general applications or tools, we have the internet.

General ICT's for translators

The internet: one of the most important tools offered are the search and location information engines. (Google, yahoo, bing)The use of corpus linguistics: corpora are classified in two types: the monolingual corpora and the bilingual corpora.Concordance generator programs: can find all the times that a certain term appears in a text. Machine translation: a computer program analyzes a source text and produces a target text without human futher intervention.Computer assisted translation: is a form of translation wherein a human translator creates a target text with the assistence of a computer program.

Main phases of translation process:

1. The reception phase.
2. The transfer phase.
3. The formulation phase.

Factors affecting the use of ICT by teachers.

Factors affecting the use of ICT by teachers.

The studies reveal a number of factors that influence teachers' decisions to use ICT in the classroom: access to resources, software and hardware quality, ease of use, incentives to change, support and collegiality in their school policies, School and national levels; Professional learning and formal computer training.It is commonly divided into sections that examine:O factors that discourage teachers from using technology;Or schools as organizations;Or factors that encourage teachers to use technology;The role of the teacher in relation to ICT and its effect on pedagogy;Or teachers learn to integrate technology into their teaching.Often teachers are being outdone by the way the world is changing and inhibitors for an update in teaching are increasing. Sometimes it is just laziness on their part, sometimes it is a poor improvement of technologies in the classroom due to the polycies school or the flight of teachers specializing in the use of ICT.

The role of the ICT sector in expanding economic opportunity

ICTs are the pioneers in meeting needs. Technology only increases productivity when it is available to many.

The fundamental role of ICTs in the modern economy.
Reduce transaction costs and improve productivity
Provide immediate connectivity

The Business Case for Engagement
ICT companies to help the poor get rich is the opportunity
Innovation blow back: when something is created and innovated

Business strategies for the ICT sector in the expansion of economic opportunity
The most important way for ICT companies to expand their economic opportunities is to enable technologies to develop while driving the development and diversification of relevant content, applications and services.

ICT for Translation and Interpretation

Global Crisis: A SHORT OF QUALIFIED LANGUAGES


In 2010 the Paris Declaration, the European institutions anticipate that in the next ten years from the decline of qualified linguistics. Industries are concerned about this lack of skills because they represent an average loss of € 325,000 per business.

HOW TO TREAT THIS CRISIS?

The answer is beyond education, but there are some difficulties in most learning methods. John Dewey (1859 - 1952), American philosopher, psychologist, and
Educational reformer. He is one of the primary figures associated with
The philosophy of pragmatism is considered one of the parents
From functional psychology. As Dewey's experience is vital in the learning process, but for the experience to be valid, the activities must be authentic.

Information and communication technology

Information and communication technologyToday we are using ICT without asking if it is what it is doing. As a basic rule for the use of technology that ICTs 4C, those rules do not allow us to see that it is not just how to post a photo on Facebook and make everyone see it, how to search and reach Reality Valuable information, sotrage and sharing.4C of ICT1. Computing2. Connectivity3. Content4. CapacityICT and developmentGoal: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, universal primary education, pledge gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, ensure environmental sustainabilityRole of ICTs: Access market information and reduce transaction costs, increase the supply of trained teachers and expand the availability of quality educational materials, and provide targeted literacy and education programs.

Electronic Era

Electronic Era

Some have begun to call it the Information Revolution. Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. From the beginning of the decade until the end, new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, work, and communication became commonplace in the United States. The driving force behind much of this change was an innovation popularly known as the Internet.

Personal computers had become widespread by the end of the 1980s. Also available was the ability to connect these computers over local or even national networks. Through a device called a modem, individual users could link their computer to a wealth of information using conventional phone lines. What lay beyond the individual computer was a vast domain of information known as cyberspace.

The INTERNET was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the advantage of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet remained under government control until 1984.

Electromechanica Era

Electromechanical Era

(1840-1940)

The discovery of ways to harness electricity was the key advance made during this periods. Knowledge and information could now be converted into electrical impulses. The beginnings of telecommunication. The telegraph ( Invented By Samuel F.J. Morse) created the character of our current information age. It broke the connection between communication and transportation. Prior to the telegraph, the speed of communication was the speed of a train--about 35 miles per hour! The telegraph dropped it to just a few seconds: point A to point B in an electronic pulse! With it a new experience was unfolding: information was no longer just local and rooted in immediate context. Instead, ideas and news were now presented in what Shane Hipps called in his book The Hidden Power of Electronic Culture “a mosaic of unrelated data points with not apparent connection.”

Telegraph

Mechanical Era

Mechanical Era

Can be defined as the time between 1450 and 1840.

The idea of using machines to solve mathematical problems can be traced at least as far as the early 17th century. Mathematicians who designed and implemented calculators that were capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division included Wilhelm Schickhard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Leibnitz.
The first multipurpose, i.e. programmable, computing device was probably Charles Babbage's Difference Engine, which was begun in 1823 but never completed. A more ambitious machine was the Analytical Engine. It was designed in 1842, but unfortunately it also was only partially completed by Babbage. Babbage. was truly a man ahead of his time: many historians think the major reason he was unable to complete these projects was the fact that the technology of the day was not reliable enough. In spite of never building a complete working machine, Babbage and his colleagues, most notably Ada, Countess of Lovelace, recognized several important programming techniques, including conditional branches, iterative loops and index.

Arithmetic Machine

Premechanical Era

Premechanical Era

The premechanical age is the earliest age of information technology. It can be defined as the time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D. We are talking about a long time ago. When humans first started communicating they would try to use language or simple picture drawings known as petroglyths which were usually carved in rock. Early alphabets were developed such as the Phoenician alphabet.

Time which various systems were made that didn't need any mechanical effort, so it is called the pre-mechanical age of computers.

-Comminications:

Drawings 

Speaking

-Input tecnologies

Write their symbols in a kind of stone (like a wall) 

Papyrus (paper made of plants)

Paper rag.

 

Petroglyph

Mapa Mental

The ICT's and the digital gap in Mexico

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Mexico is a double-edged sword, since, on the one hand, it gives us easy access to everything that happens in the country quickly and comfortably, but the knowledge that We can get to get from them is not quite true. We may find yellow means that distort information and others that simply hide it; ICTs are used continuously as a means of distraction instead of their main priority: the dissemination of information and knowledge.

Mexico, faced with a precarious situation, both economically and socially, is widely divided by the digital divide created by the use of ICT. There is a separation between "rich" and "poor" (or, in other words, those with access to ICTs and those who do not) is merely ideological since those who lack access to these tools live ignoring most of the Things that happen outside their localities, while those who have information and knowledge are saturated by information, poorly retaining the hard data but efficiently storing everything that becomes comic or easy to digest without Whether it is true or not.

The lack of feedback from ICT users is one of the main causes of disinformation, along with junk content. In this way the average population would fall outside the definition of 'knowledge societies', since you are those who store and manage knowledge efficiently.